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Thermal Power Plant : Principle, Parts, Working, Advantages and Disadvantages

Basic Introduction or Principle: We all are aware with the term "Generator". A device which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy is known as generator. This generator makes rotate with the help of some kind of external energy. When this energy extract from the energy of steam, the plant is known as steam power plant.  A simple steam plant works on Rankine cycle. In the first step, water is feed into a boiler at a very high pressure by BFP (boiler feed pump). This high pressurized water is heated into a  boiler   which converts it into high pressurized super heated steam. This high energized steam passes through steam  turbine  (a mechanical device which converts flow energy of fluid into mechanical energy) and rotate it. Owing to extract full energy of steam, three stage turbines is used which is known as LPT (Low pressure turbine), IPT (intermediate pressure turbine) and HPT (High pressure turbine). The turbine shaft is connected to the generator rot
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Lamont Boiler : Principle, Construction & Workin

Today I am going to tell you about Lamont boiler. Lamont boiler is the first forced convection boiler which is introduce in the year 1925. A water circulating pump is used in the boiler to circulate water inside the boiler. This pump is driven by the steam turbine which uses steam of boiler. It is used in power plant industries to generate electricity.

Lamont Boiler:

Principle:

This boiler works on basic principle of forced convection. If the water is circulate by a pump inside the tube, the heat transfer rate from gas to the water is increases. It is the basic principle of it.

Construction:

This boiler is the first force circulation boiler. This boiler consist various part which are as follow.

Economizer:

Economizer use to preheat the water by using remaining heat of the combustion gases. It increases the boiler efficiency. The feed water first supplied to the economizer before entering to the boiler.

Centrifugal pump:

The Lamont boiler is a force convection boiler. So a centrifugal pump is used to circulate water inside the boiler. This pump is driven by a steam turbine. The steam for the turbine is taken by the boiler.

Evaporator tube:

The evaporator tube or can say water tubes are situated at furnace wall which increase the heating surface of boiler. This is also at the up side and down side of the furnace and other equipment. The main function of these tubes to evaporate water into steam.  This also cools down the furnace wall.

Grate:

The space in the furnace where the fuel is burn is called grate. It is bottom side of furnace.

Furnace:

In the Lamont boiler vertical furnace is used. The main function of Furnace is to burn the fuel.

Super heater:

The steam generated by the evaporator tube is saturated steam. If it directly used in steam turbine can cause the corrosion. So the saturated steam sends to the super heater where it can increase the temperature of steam.

Water steam separator drum:

The steam separator is situated outside from the boiler. The mixture of water and steam from the evaporator tube send to the steam separator where it separate the steam and send it to super heater. The remaining water again sends to the economizer.

Air preheater:

It’s main function to preheat air before entering into furnace.
Lamont Boiler : Principle, Construction & Working


Working:

Lamont boiler is a forced circulation, internally fired water tube boiler. The fuel is burn inside the boiler and the water is circulating by a centrifugal pump through evaporator tubes. The working of this boiler is as follow.

A feed pump forces the water into the economizer where the temperature of water increases. This water forced into the evaporator tube by using a centrifugal pump driven by steam turbine. Water passes 10 - 15 times into the evaporator tube. The mixture of saturated steam and water is formed inside the tube.

This mixture sends to the steam separator drum which is outside the boiler. Steam from the separator sends to the super heater, where the saturated steam converts into superheated steam. The water again sends to the economizer where it again passes by the evaporator tubes.

The air from the air preheater enter into the furnace where fuel burn. The flue gases first heat the evaporator tube then passes by the super heater. These gases from the super heater again use to preheat the air into air preheater before exhaust into atmosphere.

This working pressure of this boiler is above 170 bar and have the steam generation capacity of about 50000 kg/hour at temperature 773 K .

Advantages:

1. It can high pressure boiler.
2. It is flexible in design.
3. This boiler can reassemble in natural circulation boiler.
4. It can easily start.
5. It has high steam generation capacity of about 50 ton/ hour.
6. This boiler has higher heat transfer rate.
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